L Andrew Ashton, PG Jarman and E Marel
Department of Orthopedics, Mona Vale Hospital, Mona Vale, Australia

A patient with acute peroneal compartment syndrome is presented. This case is unusual because the pathology was localised to the peroneal compartment only and because trauma was not an aetiological factor. Acute and chronic compartment syndromes are discussed and differentiated, and the importance of a high index of suspicion in all cases is emphasised.

Key words: compartment syndrome; peroneal; nontraumatic